Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It spreads through contact with infected blood or body fluids, including from mother to child during birth, unprotected sex, and sharing needles or personal items like razors.

Hepatitis B infections fall into two categories:

• Acute hepatitis B — a short-term illness that occurs within the first six months after exposure to the virus; many adults clear the infection on their own.
• Chronic hepatitis B — occurs when the infection lasts longer than six months; the virus remains in the body long-term and can lead to serious liver damage over time, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

The risk of developing a chronic infection is highest in infants and young children, while most healthy adults who contract hepatitis B recover fully.

Many people with hepatitis B have no symptoms, especially in the early stages, which is why testing is important for anyone at risk. Your provider may recommend hepatitis B testing if you have:

• A family history of hepatitis B
• Been born in a region with high rates of hepatitis B
• Had unprotected sex with multiple partners
• A history of intravenous drug use
• Been exposed to blood or body fluids through work or an accidental needle stick
• Abnormal liver function tests
• Symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

If symptoms are present, they may also include joint pain, loss of appetite, and low-grade fever.

Diagnosing hepatitis B starts with a blood test that checks for viral antigens and antibodies, which tells your provider whether you have a current infection, a past infection you’ve recovered from, or immunity from vaccination. If you’re diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, your provider at Florida Digestive Specialists may also recommend additional tests, such as liver function tests, viral load testing, or liver elastography, to assess the health of your liver and determine whether treatment is needed.

Treatment depends on whether your infection is acute or chronic:

• Acute hepatitis B often resolves on its own with rest, fluids, and monitoring, though your provider will keep a close eye on your liver function during recovery.
• Chronic hepatitis B may be managed with antiviral medications that help slow the virus’s ability to damage the liver, along with regular monitoring for signs of liver disease progression, including periodic imaging and bloodwork.

Your provider will also discuss ways to prevent transmitting the virus to others and may recommend vaccination for close contacts who haven’t already been immunized.

If you have questions about hepatitis B or need to schedule testing or a follow-up appointment, call Florida Digestive Specialists or use the online booking feature.